Mitundu yaukadaulo wopanga polyethylene PE

Popanga jekeseni akamaumba magawo, ndizosapeweka kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapulasitiki. Lero tifotokoza njira yopangira pe, chachikulu cha dziko 11 mitundu yaukadaulo wopanga polyethylene PE

Pakadali pano, pali makampani ambiri omwe ali nawo teknoloji ya polyethylene mdziko lapansi, kuphatikizapo 7 makampani omwe ali ndi ukadaulo wa LDPE, 10 makampani omwe ali ndi LDPE komanso ukadaulo wokwanira kachulukidwe, ndipo 12 makampani omwe ali ndiukadaulo wa HDPE. Kuchokera pamalingaliro a chitukuko chaukadaulo, Kupanga kwamphamvu kwambiri kwa LDPE ndiyo njira yokhwima kwambiri popanga utomoni wa PE. Njira ya ketulo ndi njira ya tubular yakhwima. Pakadali pano, njira ziwiri zopangira matekinoloje zimakhalira limodzi. Mayiko otukuka nthawi zambiri amatenga njira yopangira ma tubular. Kuphatikiza apo, Makampani akunja nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zida zotsika kutentha kwambiri kuti ayambitse machitidwe opangira ma polymerization, zomwe zingachepetse zomwe kutentha ndi kupanikizika. Kupanga kwamphamvu kwambiri kwa LDPE kudzakhala patsogolo pakupanga kwakukulu komanso kwa tubular. Kupanga kwapang'onopang'ono kwa HDPE ndi LLDPE makamaka kumagwiritsa ntchito titaniyamu ndi zopangira zovuta. Ku Europe ndi ku Japan nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zida za titaniyamu zamtundu wa Ziegler, pomwe United States nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito zida zovuta. Pakadali pano, pali 11 mitundu yamaukadaulo opanga polyethylene omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lapansi. Mau oyamba achidule ali motere:
(1) Basel kampani gasi gawo Spherilene ndondomeko

Kupanga kwa liniya PE kumatha kukhala kotsika kwambiri kachulukidwe PE (ULDPE) ku LLDPE, komanso HDPE. Sankhani

Ziegler-Natta mtundu wa titaniyamu chothandizira ndi Spherilene mpweya gawo ndondomeko ntchito. Pamaso pa kuwala inert hydrocarbons, chothandizira ndi chakudya ndi pre-polymerized zambiri poyamba, ndipo polymerization yochuluka imachitika pansi pazikhalidwe zofatsa. The slurry akulowa woyamba gasi gawo riyakitala, amagwiritsa ntchito chopondera chozungulira cha gasi kuti athetse kutentha, ndiyeno akulowa awiri mpweya gawo reactors. Kachulukidwe wazinthu zomwe zimapangidwa zimayambira ku ULDPE (zosakwana 900kg/m3) ku HDPE (wamkulu kuposa 960 kg/m3), ndi kusungunuka kwachangu (MFR) kuyambira 0.01 kuti 100. Chifukwa cha ntchito ziwiri mpweya gawo reactors, imatha kupanga ma polima a bimodal ndi apadera. Zinthu. Popeza njira ya Spheri Lene idayambitsidwa pamsika mu 1992, tsopano ili ndi mphamvu yopangira 1.8 matani miliyoni pachaka. Magawo asanu ndi limodzi opangira (1 ku United States, 2 ku South Korea, 2 ku Brazil, ndipo 1 ku India) zayikidwa mu ntchito, ndi ena awiri (1 aliyense ku India ndi Iran) akumangidwa. Mphamvu yopangira mzere umodzi imatha kufika 100,000 matani pa unit. Mmodzi 300,000 matani pachaka. Panopa, China ilibe malo opangira ukadaulo wamtunduwu.
(2) Njira ya Borealis Bastar

Njira ya Beixing PE imatha kupanga LLDPE ya bimodal ndi unimodal, MDPE (kachulukidwe wapakatikati PE) ndi HDPE. ntchito

Series loop, mpweya gawo otsika kuthamanga riyakitala. Kuchulukana kwa PE ndi 918-970kg/m3, ndipo melt index ndi 0.1-100. Adopt Z-N chothandizira kapena Ssc (tsamba limodzi logwira ntchito) chothandizira.

Chothandizira ndi propane diluent ndi osakaniza mu yaying'ono chisanadze polymerization riyakitala, ndi co-catalyst,

Ethylene, comonomer ndi haidrojeni. slurry yopangidwa ndi polymerized imalowa mu rekitala yachiwiri yayikulu ya slurry loop ndipo imagwira ntchito mopitilira muyeso. (75-100C, 5. 5-6.5 MPa). Itha kupanga zinthu za bimodal. Polima wonyezimira amatumizidwanso ku fluidized bed gasi gawo riyakitala popanda kuwonjezera zida zatsopano, ndipo ma homopolymers atha kupezeka. The mpweya gawo anachita zinthu ndi: 75-100C, 2. 0MPa. Gulu loyamba la zida zamafakitale lidayamba kugwira ntchito ku Finland 1995, ndi mizere iwiri yopanga (450,000 matani/chaka mankhwala bimodal) anamangidwa mu Abu Dhabi anaikidwa ntchito mu theka lachiwiri la 2001. Seti yachisanu ya 250,000 matani/chaka (seti yachiwiri ya bimodal) idamangidwanso ku China Shanghai Petrochemical Company, kukhala chipangizo chachikulu cha PE cha China. Kuthekera kwakukulu kwa mapangidwe a mzere umodzi wa ndondomekoyi kungafikire 300,000 matani/chaka.
(3) Njira ya BP ya gasi ya Innovene

Itha kupanga zinthu za LLDPE ndi HDPE, pogwiritsa ntchito Z-N titaniyamu, chromium-based kapena metallocene catalysts. Chrome

Wothandizira mankhwala amatha kupanga zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi ma cell olemera kwambiri, ndi Ziegler-Natta (Z-N) chothandizira akhoza kupanga mankhwala ndi yopapatiza maselo kulemera kugawa. The ntchito zinthu za bedi riyakitala ndi omasuka, pa 75-100C ndi 2.0MPa. Butene kapena hexene angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati comonomer. 30 njira zopangira zida zakhazikitsidwa, kupanga kapena kumanga. Kuthekera kumayambira 50,000 kuti 350,000 matani pachaka.

Technip imagwirizana ndi BP ku Europe, dziko lomwe kale linali Soviet Union, South America, China ndi Malaysia
Thandizani njira ya BP's Innovene yopanga polyethylene. Mphamvu ya BP ya Innovene PE tsopano yadutsa 8 matani miliyoni pachaka, kuphatikiza zida za PE ku Bandar Iman ku Iran, Grangermus ku Scotland, Peacock ku Indonesia, ndi Keltih ku Malaysia. Kukula kwachiwiri kwa chomera cha LLDPE/HDPE cha kampani ya China ya Dushanzi Petrochemical Company kudatengeranso njira ya Innovene., kuwonjezeka kuchokera 120,000 matani/chaka ku 200,000 matani/chaka. DRY'S watsopano 600,000 matani a polyethylene adzagwiritsa ntchito lusoli.
(4) ExxonMobil's tubular ndi ketulo reaction process

High-pressure free radical process imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga LDPE homopolymer ndi EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) copolymer.

Akuluakulu tubular reactors (luso la 130 kuti 350,000 matani/chaka) ndi analimbikitsa thanki reactors (mphamvu za 100,000 matani/chaka) amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuthamanga kwa tubular reactor ndikokwera kwambiri mpaka 300MPa, ndi thanki riyakitala ndi otsika kuposa 200MPa. Ubwino wa njira yothamanga kwambiri ndikufupikitsa nthawi yokhalamo, ndipo riyakitala yomweyo ikhoza kusinthidwa kuchoka pakupanga ma homopolymers kupita ku copolymers. Kachulukidwe wa polima homopolymer ndi 912-935 kg/m3, ndipo melt index ndi 0.2-150. Zomwe zili mu vinyl acetate zitha kukhala zokwera ngati 30%. Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pa tani ya kupanga polima ndi: 1.008 matani a ethylene, 800kwh magetsi, 0.35t mwa nthunzi, ndi 5m3 wa nayitrogeni. 23 ma seti a high-pressure process reactors ayamba kugwira ntchito, ndi mphamvu yopanga 1.7 matani miliyoni pachaka. Kupanga ma homopolymers ndi ma copolymers osiyanasiyana. Pakadali pano, Chomera chatsopano cha LDPE cha Yanshan chomangidwa kumene cha matani 200,000/chaka chitengera ukadaulo wamakampani..
(5) Mitsui Chemicals low-pressure slurry Cx process

Ikhoza kutulutsa HDPE ndi MDPE, pogwiritsa ntchito njira yotsika yotsika kwambiri ya CX. Itha kupanga bimodal molecular weight distribution

Mankhwala. Ethylene, haidrojeni, comonomer ndi ultra-high ntchito chothandizira kulowa riyakitala, ndipo polymerization reaction imapezeka mu slurry state. Dongosolo lowongolera katundu la polima limatha kuwongolera bwino zinthu, ndipo chothandizira chapamwamba kwambiri sichiyenera kuchotsedwa pamankhwala. 90% wa zosungunulira wosiyana ndi slurry akhoza mwachindunji zobwezerezedwanso kwa riyakitala popanda mankhwala. Iwo akhoza kupanga mankhwala ndi yopapatiza kapena lonse maselo kulemera kugawa ndi kachulukidwe wa 930-970 kg/m3 ndi kusungunula index wa 0.01-50. Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pa tani yazinthu zopangidwa ndi: 1010 kg ya ethylene ndi ma conomers, 305 kWh magetsi, 340 kg ya madzi, 190 matani a madzi ozizira, ndipo 30 m3 nayitrogeni. 35 njira zopangira zakhazikitsidwa kapena zikumangidwa, ndi mphamvu zonse za 3.6 matani miliyoni pachaka. Pakadali pano, mabizinesi apakhomo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo uwu makamaka akuphatikiza chomera cha matani 220,000 ku Daqing, chomera cholemera matani 140,000 ku Yangtze ndi Yanshan, ndi chomera cha matani 70,000 ku Lanzhou.
(6) Chevron-Philips double loop reactor LPE process

Njira ya Phillips Petroleum Company LPE imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga polyethylene yofananira (LPE). Kwambiri yogwira chothandizira

Mankhwalawa amapangidwa ndi polymerized mu loop reactor ndi isobutane slurry. Product Sungunulani index ndi maselo kulemera kugawa akhoza kusintha ndi kulamulidwa ndi chothandizira, zinthu ntchito ndi haidrojeni. Comonomer ikhoza kukhala butene-1, hexene-1, octene-1 ndi zina zotero. Chothandizira chachikulu cha ntchito chimapangitsa kuti pasakhale kofunikira kuchotsa chothandizira, ndipo palibe parafini kapena zinthu zina zomwe zimapangidwa pa polymerization, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe. Ethylene, isobutane, comonomer ndi chothandizira mosalekeza kulowa mu loop reactor ndikuchita pa kutentha kochepera 100C ndi pafupifupi 4.0 MPa, ndipo nthawi yokhalamo yayandikira 1 ola. Mlingo wosinthika wa ethylene wopitilira umodzi umaposa 97%. Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pa tani yazinthu zopangidwa ndi: 1.007 matani a ethylene, US $ 2-10 pazothandizira ndi mankhwala (kwa mankhwala osiyanasiyana), 350 kWh magetsi, 0.25 tani ya nthunzi, 185 toni ya madzi ozizira, ndipo 30 m3 nayitrogeni. 82 njira zopangira zakhazikitsidwa ndikugwira ntchito, kuwerengera ndalama 34% mphamvu ya PE padziko lapansi. Chomera cha matani 135,000 cha Kampani ya Shanghai Jinfei chimagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo uwu. Chipangizo chatsopano cha Maoming chopangidwa kumene cha 350,000-tani/chaka chitha kugwiritsanso ntchito ukadaulo uwu.
(7) Univation technology company low pressure gas phase Unipol process

LLDPE-HDPE imapangidwa ndi kutsika kwapakati, Air-pressure Unipol PE ndondomeko. Kugwiritsa ntchito slurry chothandizira ndi gasi

Gawo, fluidized bedi riyakitala. Ndi ochiritsira ndi metallocene chothandizira, palibe chothandizira kuchotsa sitepe yofunika. Ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito ndi zotsika, ndipo pali kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe. Ethylene, comonomer ndi chothandizira kulowa fluidized bedi riyakitala, zogwirira ntchito ndi za 100C ndi 2.5MPa. Kachulukidwe kazinthu ndi 915-970kg/m3, ndipo melt index ndi 0.1-200. Malinga ndi mtundu wa chothandizira, yopapatiza kapena yotakata maselo kulemera kugawa akhoza kusintha. 89 mizere yopanga yayikidwa pakugwira ntchito kapena kumanga. Kuchuluka kwa mzere umodzi kungakhale 410,000 kuti 450,000 matani pachaka. Pakadali pano, pali zida zambiri zapakhomo zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo uwu, makamaka Maoming, Jihua, Yangtze, Tianjin, Zhongyuan, Guangzhou, Daqing, Chilu, etc..

(8) Stamicarbon 4a COMPACT IZ Njirayi imagwiritsa ntchito zopangira Z-N zapamwamba ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa COMPACT Solution kuti upangitse

900-970kg/m3 wa PE. Tanki yosungunuka imagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo kutentha kwa polymerization ndi 200C. Hydrogen imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera kulemera kwa ma cell a polima. Palibe chothandizira kuchotsa sitepe yofunika. Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pa tani ya mankhwala ndi: ethylene ndi comonomer 1.016t, magetsi 500kwh, utsi 400kg, madzi ozizira 230m3, otsika kuthamanga nthunzi (zotuluka) 330kg. Pali 5 zida zomwe zikugwira ntchito, ndi mphamvu zonse za 650,000 matani/chaka.
(9) Basel Polyolefin Company Hostalen Njira

Njira ya hostalen ya thanki yogwedezeka imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga HDPE. Gwiritsani ntchito ma reactor awiri ofanana kapena angapo

Slurry polymerization. Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pa tani yazinthu zopangidwa ndi: 1.015 t wa ethylene ndi comonomers, 400 kg ya madzi, 350 kwh magetsi, ndipo 165 m3 madzi ozizira. Pali 31 mizere yopangira ikugwira ntchito kapena ikupangidwa, ndi mphamvu yopanga pafupifupi 3.4 matani miliyoni pachaka. Pakadali pano, chipangizo chapakhomo chotengera luso limeneli ndi Liaohua Company, ndi mphamvu yopangira yokha 40,000 matani. Pakali pano mzere umodzi pazipita kupanga luso luso akhoza kufika 350,000 matani/chaka, ndipo imatha kupanga pafupifupi zinthu zonse kuphatikiza Bifeng, mwa zomwe katundu wake monga filimu, zopanda pake ndi chitoliro ali ndi mbiri inayake padziko lapansi.