zinthu zomwe zili zabwino kwambiri nkhungu?

The nkhungu amakwaniritsa zofunikira pamikhalidwe yogwirira ntchito

1. Valani kukana

Pamene akusowekapo ndi plastically olumala mu fupa la nkhungu, imayenderera ndi kutsetsereka pamwamba pa patsekeke, kuchititsa kukangana kwamphamvu pakati pa pamwamba pa patsekeke ndi chopanda kanthu, zomwe zimapangitsa nkhungu kulephera chifukwa cha kuvala. Chifukwa chake, kukana kuvala kwa zinthuzo ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri komanso zofunikira za nkhungu.

Kuuma ndiye chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimakhudza kukana kuvala. Mwambiri, mmwamba kuuma kwa nkhungu zigawo, zing'onozing'ono kuchuluka kwa kuvala ndi bwino kukana kuvala. Kuphatikiza apo, kuvala kukana kumagwirizananso ndi mtunduwo, kuchuluka, mawonekedwe, kukula ndi kugawa kwa carbides muzinthu.

2. Mphamvu

Makhalidwe ogwirira ntchito a nkhungu nthawi zambiri amakhala oyipa kwambiri, ndipo ena a iwo nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi zovuta zazikulu, zomwe zimatsogolera ku brittle fracture. Pofuna kupewa kuwonongeka kwadzidzidzi kwa nkhungu panthawi ya ntchito, nkhungu iyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso kulimba.

Kulimba kwa nkhungu makamaka kumadalira kaboni, kukula kwa tirigu ndi bungwe boma la zinthu.

3. Kutopa fracture ntchito

M'kati mwa ntchito nkhungu, pansi pakuchita kwanthawi yayitali kwa kupsinjika kwa cyclic, kutopa fracture nthawi zambiri amayamba. Mawonekedwe ake akuphatikizapo kutsika kwamphamvu kwapang'onopang'ono kwapang'onopang'ono kutopa, kutopa kwamphamvu fracture, kukhudzana kutopa fracture, ndi kupindika kutopa fracture.

Kutopa fracture ntchito nkhungu makamaka zimadalira mphamvu yake, kulimba, kuuma, ndi zomwe zili muzinthuzo.

4. Kuchita kwa kutentha kwakukulu

Pamene ntchito kutentha kwa nkhungu ndi apamwamba, kuuma ndi mphamvu zidzachepa, kutsogolera ku kuvala koyambirira kwa nkhungu kapena kupunduka kwa pulasitiki ndi kulephera. Chifukwa zinthu nkhungu ayenera kukhala mkulu odana ndi kutentha bata, kuonetsetsa kuti nkhungu imakhala ndi kuuma kwakukulu ndi mphamvu pa kutentha kwa ntchito.

5. Kukana kuzizira ndi kutentha kutopa

Zikhungu zina zimakhala ndi kutentha mobwerezabwereza ndi kuzizira panthawi yogwira ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pamwamba pa chibowo chikokedwe ndikukakamiza kusintha kupsinjika, kuchititsa ming'alu ya pamwamba ndi kusenda, kuwonjezeka kwamphamvu, kulepheretsa pulasitiki deformation, ndi kuchepetsa kulondola kwa dimensional. Kulephera kwa nkhungu. Kutopa kwa kutentha ndi kuzizira ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu za kulephera kwa nkhungu za ntchito yotentha, ndipo nkhungu yamtunduwu iyenera kukhala ndi kukana kwambiri kuzizira ndi kutopa kwa kutentha.

6. Kukana dzimbiri

Pamene nkhungu zina monga pulasitiki zikugwira ntchito, chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa chlorine, fluorine ndi zinthu zina mu mapulasitiki, mpweya wowononga kwambiri monga hci ndi hf udzathetsedwa ukatenthedwa, zomwe zidzakokolola pamwamba pa nkhungu, kuonjezera roughness yake pamwamba, ndi kukulitsa kulephera kwa mavalidwe.

Chachiwiri、nkhungu imakwaniritsa zofunikira pakugwirira ntchito

Kupanga nkhungu nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizapo njira zingapo monga kupangira, kudula, ndi chithandizo cha kutentha. Pofuna kuonetsetsa ubwino wa nkhungu kupanga ndi kuchepetsa mtengo kupanga, zinthu ziyenera kukhala forgeability wabwino, makina, kuuma, kuuma ndi kugaya; iyeneranso kukhala ndi okosijeni yaying'ono, kukhudzika kwa decarburization ndikuzimitsa Deformation ndi chizolowezi chosweka.

1. Kulephera

Ili ndi kukana kwapang'onopang'ono kotentha kotentha, plasticity yabwino, osiyanasiyana forging kutentha osiyanasiyana, chizolowezi chochepa chopangira ming'alu ndi kusweka kozizira komanso kugwa kwa ma network carbides.

2. Annealing processability

The spheroidizing annealing kutentha osiyanasiyana, kuuma annealing ndi otsika, kusinthasintha kwapang'onopang'ono, ndipo kuchuluka kwa spheroidizing ndikwambiri.

3. Kuthekera

Mtengo wodula ndi waukulu, chida kutaya ndi otsika, ndipo makulidwe a makina opangidwa ndi makina ndi otsika.

4. Kumverera kwa okosijeni ndi decarburization

Mukatenthedwa pa kutentha kwakukulu, kukana kwa okosijeni ndikwabwino, liwiro la decarburization ndi pang'onopang'ono, sichikhudzidwa ndi chotenthetsera, ndipo chizolowezi choboola ndi chochepa.

5. Kuuma mtima

Pambuyo pozimitsa, ali ndi yunifolomu ndi mkulu pamwamba kuuma.

6. Kuuma mtima

Pambuyo pozimitsa, wosanjikiza wozama kwambiri ungapezeke, zomwe zimatha kuumitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito sing'anga yozizimitsa.

7. Chizoloŵezi chozimitsa deformation ndi kusweka

Kuzimitsa kokhazikika kumakhala ndi kusintha kochepa kwa voliyumu, kusintha mawonekedwe, kupotoza pang'ono, ndi chizolowezi chochepa cha mapindikidwe achilendo. Kuzimitsa kokhazikika kumakhala ndi chidwi chochepa pakusweka, ndipo samakhudzidwa ndi kutentha ndi mawonekedwe a workpiece.

8. Kugaya

Zovala zachibale za gudumu lopera ndizochepa, ndipo malire akupera popanda kuwotcha ndi aakulu. Sizikhudzidwa ndi khalidwe la gudumu lopera ndi kuzizira, ndipo sikwapafupi kuyambitsa abrasion ndi kugaya ming'alu.

Chachitatu, nkhungu imakwaniritsa zofunikira zachuma

Posankha zipangizo za nkhungu, mfundo ya chuma iyenera kuganiziridwa kuti ichepetse ndalama zopangira zinthu monga momwe zingathere. Chifukwa chake, pansi pamalingaliro okhutiritsa magwiridwe antchito, choyamba sankhani mtengo wotsika, carbon steel angagwiritsidwe ntchito popanda aloyi zitsulo, ndi zipangizo zapakhomo zingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanda zipangizo zochokera kunja. Kuphatikiza apo, kupanga ndi kupereka kwa msika kuyeneranso kuganiziridwa posankha zipangizo. Makalasi osankhidwa achitsulo ayenera kukhala ochepa komanso okhazikika momwe angathere .

The jekeseni akamaumba zinthu zinthu zimakhudza maonekedwe ndi makina katundu wa mankhwala pulasitiki. Chilichonse cha chikhalidwe cha ndondomeko chimakhudza wina ndi mzake ndipo sichidziimira. Zowonongeka zazinthu zina zimadza chifukwa chogwirizana.

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