buaidh giollachd teasachaidh plastaig air molltair.

1. Buaidh na plastic heating luaths

Anns an fharsaingeachd, aig àm teasachaidh, the faster the plastic heating luaths, the greater the thermal stress generated in the molltair, a dh’ fhaodadh a bhith ag adhbhrachadh deformachadh agus sgàineadh an molltair. Gu sònraichte airson stàilinn alloy agus stàilinn àrd-alloy, air sgàth an droch ghiùlan teirmeach, bu chòir ceumannan sònraichte a ghabhail. Teas, for some complex shapes of high-alloy molds, it is necessary to take multiple preheating steps.

Ach, in individual cases, rapid heating can sometimes reduce deformation. Aig an àm seo, only the surface of the mold is heated, and the center remains “fuachd”, so the structural stress and thermal stress are correspondingly reduced, and the core deformation resistance is relatively large, thereby reducing the quenching deformation. According to some factory experience, it is used to solve There is a certain effect on the hole pitch deformation.

2. Buaidh na plastic heating temperature

The quenching heating temperature affects the hardenability of the material, and at the same time affects the composition and grain size of austenite.

1) From the perspective of hardenability, àrdaichidh teòthachd teasachaidh àrd an cuideam teirmeach, ach aig an aon àm àrdaich an cruas, mar sin tha cuideam an structair cuideachd ag àrdachadh, agus mean air mhean a’ faighinn làmh an uachdair. Mar eisimpleir, stàilinn inneal carbon T8, T10, T12, msaa., nuair a thèid a chuir às aig teòthachd quenching coitcheann, tha an trast-thomhas a-staigh a’ nochdadh claonadh crìonadh, ach ma thèid an teòthachd quenching àrdachadh gu ≥850 ° C, bidh an cruas a’ dol am meud agus mean air mhean thig an cuideam structarail gu bhith na phrìomh inbhe, mar sin is dòcha gu bheil an trast-thomhas a-staigh a’ nochdadh gu bheil e buailteach bulge.

2) Bho shealladh sgrìobhadh austenite, tha àrdachadh ann an teòthachd quenching ag àrdachadh susbaint gualain austenite, agus meudachd a' mhartanaich an dèigh an cuir as (meudachadh ann an tomhas sònraichte), a tha ag àrdachadh an tomhas-lìonaidh às deidh quenching.

3) Bho shealladh na buaidh air puing Ms, if the quenching temperature is high, the austenite grains will be coarse, which will increase the deformation and cracking tendency of the parts.

In summary, for all steel grades, especially some high-carbon medium and high alloy steels, the quenching temperature will obviously affect the quenching deformation of the plastaig molltair, so the correct selection of the quenching heating temperature is very important.

Anns an fharsaingeachd, choosing too high a quenching heating temperature is not good for deformation. Under the premise of not affecting the performance, the lower plastic heating temperature is always used. Ach, for some steel grades with more retained austenite after quenching (such as Cr12MoV, msaa.), the amount of retained austenite can also be adjusted by adjusting the heating temperature to adjust the deformation of the mold.

3. Buaidh ìre fuarachaidh quenching

Gu coitcheann, àrdaichidh àrdachadh an ìre fuarachaidh os cionn puing Ms gu mòr an cuideam teirmeach, agus mar thoradh, bidh an deformation a tha air adhbhrachadh le cuideam teirmeach buailteach a dhol am meud; bidh àrdachadh na h-ìre fuarachaidh fo phuing Ms gu ìre mhòr ag àrdachadh an deformachadh a dh’ adhbhraicheas cuideam maothraidh. Mòr. Gu

Airson diofar ìrean stàilinn, air sgàth àirdean eadar-dhealaichte puingean Ms, nuair a thèid an aon mheadhan quenching a chleachdadh, tha diofar chlaonaidhean deformation ann. Airson an aon ìre stàilinn, ma thèid diofar mheadhanan quenching a chleachdadh, tha gluasadan deformation eadar-dhealaichte aca cuideachd air sgàth an comasan fuarachaidh eadar-dhealaichte.

Mar eisimpleir, tha puing Ms de stàilinn inneal gualain an ìre mhath ìosal, mar sin nuair a thèid fuarachadh uisge a chleachdadh, tha buaidh cuideam teirmeach buailteach a bhith ann; fhad 'sa thathar a' cleachdadh fuarachadh, the structural stress may prevail.

Ann an riochdachadh fìor, molds are usually not fully quenched when they are graded or graded-austempered, so thermal stress is often the main effect, which tends to shrink the cavity. Ach, because the thermal stress is not very large at this time, Mar sin, the total deformation is relatively small. If water-oil double-liquid quenching or oil quenching is used, the thermal stress caused is greater, and the cavity shrinkage will increase.

4. The influence of tempering temperature

The effect of tempering temperature on deformation is mainly caused by the transformation of the structure during the tempering process. If the phenomenon of “secondary quenching” occurs during the tempering process, the retained austenite is transformed into martensite, agus tha meud sònraichte an martensite a chaidh a chruthachadh nas motha na meud an austenite glèidhte, a bheir air an toll molltair leudachadh; Airson cuid de steels inneal àrd-alloy, such as Cr12MoV, thathas a’ cleachdadh quenching aig teòthachd àrd gus cruas dearg a dhìth mar phrìomh riatanas. Nuair a bhios ioma-smuaineachadh, bidh an tomhas-lìonaidh a’ leudachadh aon uair a h-uile uair a thèid an teòthachd a dhèanamh. Gu

Ma tha e air a theannachadh ann an roinnean teòthachd eile, tha an tomhas sònraichte a’ lùghdachadh mar thoradh air cruth-atharrachadh martensite quenched gu martensite tempered (no sorbite teann, neach-comhfhurtachd, msaa.), mar sin tha an toll buailteach a dhol sìos.

A bharrachd air, bidh an cuideam a tha air fhàgail anns a’ mholltair aig fois cuideachd a’ toirt buaidh air an deformachadh. An dèidh dhan mhullach a bhith air a mhilleadh, ma tha an uachdar ann an staid tensile cuideam, meudaichidh am meud às deidh tempering; air a chaochladh, ma tha an uachdar ann an staid teannachaidh, bidh crìonadh ann.

Ach an dà bhuaidh a tha aig cruth-atharrachadh eagrachaidh agus fois cuideam, tha a 'chiad fhear na phrìomh fhear. Chan eil anns na tha gu h-àrd ach mion-sgrùdadh air na diofar fhactaran a thaobh deformachadh molltair bhon làimhseachadh teas, nach urrainnear a chleachdadh ach mar iomradh gus an duilgheadas fhuasgladh.

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