Tukanga maimoatanga wera o te kirihou pokepokea ai

Ka whakamahia nga momo rino rereke hei peera kirihou, me o raatau hanganga matū me o raatau miihini he rereke, na he rereke nga huarahi whakahaere whakangao; rite, e whakamahia ana e nga momo momo tiira kirihou, nga momo maimoatanga wera. Ko tenei waahanga e whakaatu ana i te huarahi mahinga me nga ahuatanga o te mahinga maimoatanga wera o te pokepokea ai.

1. Whakamarama o nga tikanga maimoatanga wera

1. Whakawhitinga

(1) Kaupapa: Ko te mahinga maimoatanga wera mo te whakawera i te maitai ki te mahana tika, te pupuri mo etahi wa, kātahi ka whakamātao malie (te tikanga ka whakamatao me te oumu).

(2) Kaupapa:

1. Whakanuia te pakeke o nga maitai iti hei whakanui ake i tona kirihou (ki te whakahaere i te tapahi);
2. Whakapaihia nga purapura, me te hanganga me te hanganga o te maitai;
3. Whakakorehia te toenga o te ahotea o roto i te maitai ka aukati i te rereketanga me te pakaru

(3) Whakarōpūtanga: oti te whakamomona; whakahiatotanga; whakaahuru awhina ahotea

2. Whakaputanga

(1) Kaupapa: Ko te tikanga mahi mo te whakawera maitai ki te 30 ～ 500C kei runga ake i te Ac3, te ACcm ranei, pupuri i te reira mo te wa e tika ana, me te whakamatao i te rangi.

(2) Kaupapa: It is basically the same as the purpose of annealing, but the normalizing cooling rate is slightly faster than annealing, so the pearlite structure obtained after normalizing is relatively fine, and the strength and hardness are higher than that of annealed steel.

Normalizing has a shorter production cycle than annealing and has low cost and easy operation. Na reira, normalizing is preferred when possible, but annealing should be used for complex parts.

3. Quenching

(1) Kaupapa: Ko te mahinga maimoatanga wera o te whakamahana maitai ki tetahi wera i runga ake i te Ac3, i te Ac1 ranei, e pupuri ana mo etahi wa, katahi ka whakamatao i te tere tere ki te tiki martensite, hanganga bainite ranei.

(2) Kaupapa: Kia whiwhi ai i te martensite, whakapai ake i te kaha me te pakeke o te maitai.

4. Whakahinuhinu

(1) Kaupapa: he mahinga maimoatanga wera ka wera nga maitai kua tineia ki te mahana i raro iho o te tohu Ac1, puritia mo etahi waa, kātahi ka whakamatao ki te pāmahana rūma.

(2) Kaupapa:

1. Whakakorehia te ahotea o roto;
2. Whiwhi i nga taonga miihini e hiahiatia ana (whakapai ake i te maro o te maitai, kia tika te whakatika i te kaha me te pakeke o te maitai);
3. Te whakarite me te rahi o te whare

Tuarua, te ara mahinga hanga o nga kirihou kirihou

1. He kowhatu maitai-waro me nga waro maitai maitai waro koranu

Hei tauira, Tuhinga o mua 20, 20Cr, 20CrMnTi me etahi atu tiira: paraikete → whakaheke mate kau, whakaahuru → huri me te oro → Huihui.

2. He nui te miihini whakarewa maitai

Hei tauira, te ara tukatuka o te 12CrNi3A me te 12CrNi4A maitai he: paraikete → whakatipu mate waatea → whakatikatika me te teitei o te mahana pāmahana → miihini miihini miihini → whakaahuru i te pāmahana nui → whakaotinga → whakakatakata → tinei me te whakaahuru → huri me te oro → huihuinga.

3. He mea tarai, ka ngawari te mira

Hei tauira, Tuhinga o mua 45, 40Cr me etahi atu maitai: paraikete → whakatipu mate waatea → whakairi → miihini miihini → whakato me te whakaahuru → miihini mutunga → whakakakahu, orooro → huihuinga.

4. He taputapu maitai a waro me nga taputapu whakarewa maitai

Hei tauira, te ara tukatuka o T7A ～ T10A, CrWMn, 9SiCr me etahi atu maitai: paraikete → whakakao ki roto i nga waahi pohehe → whakakao whakakotahitanga → miihini miihini miihini → whakakotahinga ahotea, whakaahuru → huri oro ana → whakahiato.

5. Mould maitai i mua i-whakapakeke

Hei tauira, 5NiSiCa, 3Cr2Mo (P20) me etahi atu maitai. Mo te hunga e tika ana te tukatuka me nga rakau paina, kua whakapakekehia ratou i mua na te kaha o te tuku, a ka taea te whakahaere tika me te hanga, katahi ka oroina ka whakaminea. Mo era e tika ana kia pekehia ki nga waahi ka mahi ai kia hanga, ko te huarahi ki te ara: paraikete → whakakoi → whakahiato whakahiato → whakamahere, mira wiri ranei kia ono nga taha → te whakamaaramatanga-pakeke (34～ 42HRC)→ miihini miihini → miihini whakaahuru awhina → Whakaahurutanga miihini → whakakoi → whakahiato.

Tuatoru, nga ahuatanga maimoatanga wera o nga kirihou kirihou

(1) Nga ahuatanga maimoatanga wera o te kirihou kirihou whakarewa kirihou

1. Mo nga kirihou kirihou me te pakeke nui, te aukati ki te whakakakahu me nga whakaritenga pakari teitei, kia whakamahia maitai maitai carburized mō te whakangao, me te carburizing, te tinei me te wera o te temahana iti te maimoatanga wera whakamutunga.

2. Nga whakaritenga mo te paparanga karapeti, te tikanga ko te matotoru o te paparanga karapeti 0.8 ~ 1.5mm, ka pehi ana i nga kirihou kei roto nga kai kapi, te pokepokea ai he karapiti papanga matotoru e hiahiatia ana hei 1.3 ~ 1.5mm, ka peehi i nga kirihou ngohengohe, te paparanga karapeti Ko te matotoru ko te 0.8 ～ 1.2mm. Ko te kiko waro o te paparanga karapara te mea pai ake 0.7% ki 1.0%. Mena ka whakamahia te ngoto-ngongo waro me te hauota, te ātete kākahu, ātete te waikura, ka pai ake te aukati hāora me te ātete piri-piri.
3. Ko te mahana o te carburizing he 900 ～ 920, me nga pakete iti me nga kohao uaua ka taea te tango i te 840 ～ 860 ℃ te pehanga hauota waro. Ko te wa tiaki i te wera carburizing ko te 5-10h, kia tohua kia rite ki nga whakaritenga mo te matotoru o te paparanga karapu. Ko te mahinga carburizing ka tango i te tukanga whakaheke hikareti hiraka, ko te, te atamira teitei o te pāmahana (900～ 920 ℃) ko te tikanga kia kuhu wawe ki te mata o te waahanga; te atamira pāmahana reo (820～ 840 ℃) ko te nuinga ki te whakapiki i te matotoru o te paparanga carburized. Ko te tohatoha rōnaki kukume waro tohatoha kei te whakapumautia i roto i te paparanga waro, he pai mo te tinei tika.

4. Ko nga mahi tinei i muri o te carburizing he rereke kia rite ki te momo maitai. Whai muri i te carburizing, ka taea te whakamahi wehe: whakawairua ana me te tinei; tinei tika i muri i te carburizing māka (pēnei i te koranu maitai maitai); tinei tika i muri i te pāmahana reo waro (pēnei i te mahi miihini miihini iti i hangaia e te tangohanga makariri o te rino parakore, te maitai waro iti ranei); te tinei o te rangi i muri i te whakahiatotanga (pēnei i nga pakete nui me te rahi-rahi i hangaia mai i te maitai o te karakei koranu teitei).

(2) Te maimoatanga wera mo te kirihou kirihou kowhiri whakakeke

1. Mo nga pakete me nga ahua uaua ake, te maimoatanga wera kia mahia i muri i te miihini ngawari ka mutu te miihini kia pai ai te rereketanga o te waa i te wa e wera ana te wera. Mo nga pokepokea ai, kia iti iho te deformation i te 0.05%.2. Ko nga whakaritenga o runga o te kohanga kirihou he tino pakari, na i te wa o te tinei me te whakamahana, he mea tika kia kore e ea te mata o te kohao, decarburized, kaore i pakaru, overheated, etc.. Me wera i roto i te oumu rererangi aarai, ki roto ranei i te oumu pati tote i muri o te whakakorenga. Mena ka whakamahia he oumu-aukete-aukaha noa mo te whakawera, me tuku he kaihoko tiaki ki te mata o te kohao pokepoke, a me whakahaere te reiti whakawera. Waatea mātao, Whakahaerehia te reera hauhautanga kia kore ai e rereke te rereketanga, te pakaru me te pakaru i te waa o te tinei. Te tikanga, he pai te tinei horoi wera, a ka taea hoki te whakamahi te tinei i mua i te raumati.

3. Whai muri i te tinei, me ngawari ki te wa tika, kia teitei ake te mahana o te mahana ki te mahana mahi o te pokepokea ai, a, ko te tikanga kia pumau. Ko te roa e pa ana ki nga rauemi pokepokea ai te rahinga waahanga, engari te iti rawa 40-60min.

(3) Te maimoatanga wera mo te kirihou kirihou maitai kua oti te whakapakeke i mua

1. Ko te maitai o mua-whakapakeke ka tukuna i roto i te ahua pakeke, me te tikanga kaore e hiahiatia te maimoatanga wera, engari i etahi waa ka tika kia whakarereke, a ko te mate kua hipa i muri i te whakarereketanga o te papaanga me aata wera.

2. Ko te maimoatanga i mua i te wera o te maitai i mua i te whakamarumaru ka tango i te whakamoemiti, te kaupapa ko te whakakore i te awangawanga awangawanga, whiwhi hanganga peara porowhita rite, whakaitihia te pakeke, whakapiki i te kirihou, me te whakapai ake i te mahinga tapahi, i te tangohanga makariri ranei e mahi ana i te paapaa mate.

Ko te mahinga pakeke-o mua o te maitai maitai he mea ngawari, ko te nuinga ka whakamahi i te tinei me te whakamaimoa maimoatanga, ka riro te hanganga sorbite ngawari i muri i te tinei me te whakaahuru. Ko te whakaahuru o te pāmahana teitei te whānuitanga o te pāmahana ka taea te whakatutuki i nga whakaritenga mahi pakeke o te pokepokea ai. Na te pai o te pakari o tenei momo maitai, whakakao hinu, te haurangi o te hau, te whakamaarai ranei-tote ka tineia te tinei ka taea te whakamahi i te waa tinei.

(4) Te maimoatanga wera mo te kirikiri kirihou maitai-pakeke

1. Ko te mahinga maimoatanga wera mo te pakeke o te maitai o te maitai ka wehea ki e rua nga huarahi matua. Tuatahi, kawea te rongoa otinga, ko te, ka wera te maitai ki te mahana nui, kia rewa ai nga momo haahi katoa i te austenite, ka tineia te austenite kia whiwhi i te hanganga martensite. Ko te taahiraa tuarua ko te rongoa tawhito, ka whakamahia te koroheketanga hei whakapakari i nga taonga miihini e tutuki ana i nga whakaritenga whakamutunga.

2. Ko te whakawera maimoatanga otinga e mahia ana i roto i te oumu pati tote, i te oumu pouaka ranei. Ko te wa whakawera ka taea te tikanga: 1min / mm, 2~ 2.5min / mm, ka tineia te tinei e te hau o te hinu, me te maitai me te maaramatanga pai ka taea ano te whakamao i te hau. Mena ka taea te whakahaere tika i te paemahana whakatipu whakamutunga i te wa e pa ana te mate kia ngaro, taea te mahi tika tinei quenching i muri i forging.

3. The aging treatment is best carried out in a vacuum furnace. If it is carried out in a box furnace, in order to prevent the surface of the mold cavity from being oxidized, a protective atmosphere must be introduced into the furnace, or aluminum oxide powder, graphite powder, or cast iron scraps should be used in the box. Aging under protective conditions. Packing protection heating should appropriately extend the heat preservation time, otherwise it will be difficult to achieve the aging effect.

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