Kupisa kurapwa maitiro epurasitiki mold

Mhando dzakasiyana dzesimbi dzinoshandiswa semapuranga epurasitiki, uye maitiro avo emakemikari uye mechanical properties zvakasiyana, saka nzira dzekugadzira nzira dzakasiyana; zvakafanana, marudzi akasiyana epurasitiki mold steels anoshandisa maitiro akasiyana-siyana ekurapa kupisa. Ichi chikamu chinonyanya kusuma nzira yekugadzira nzira uye maitiro eiyo kupisa kurapwa maitiro e plastiki mold.

1. Tsanangudzo yematemu ekurapa kupisa

1. Annealing

(1) Pfungwa: Iyo yekupisa yekurapa maitiro ekupisa simbi kune yakakodzera tembiricha, kuichengeta kwenhambo yakati yenguva, uyezve kutonhora zvishoma nezvishoma (kazhinji kutonhora nechoto).

(2) Chinangwa:

1. Wedzera kuoma kwesimbi yakaderera kuti iwedzere plastiki yayo (kufambisa kucheka);
2. Natsa zviyo, uye kunyange chimiro uye kuumbwa kwesimbi;
3. Bvisa zvakasara mukati mukati mesimbi uye kudzivirira deformation uye kuputika

(3) Classification: annealing yakakwana; spheroidizing annealing; kunyaradza kushungurudza annealing

2. Normalizing

(1) Pfungwa: Maitiro ekudziya simbi kusvika 30～500C pamusoro peAc3 kana ACcm, kuibata kwenguva yakakodzera, nekuitonhodza mumhepo.

(2) Chinangwa: Izvo zvakangofanana nechinangwa chekumisa, asi mwero wekutonhodza wakajairika unokurumidza zvishoma pane kuvharisa, saka iyo pearlite chimiro chakawanikwa mushure me normalizing chiri nani, uye kusimba nekuoma kwakakwirira kupfuura kwesimbi yakanyungudutswa.

Normalizing ine ipfupi kugadzira kutenderera pane annealing uye ine mutengo wakaderera uye nyore kushanda. Naizvozvo, normalizing inosarudzwa kana zvichibvira, asi annealing inofanira kushandiswa kune zvakaoma zvikamu.

3. Quenching

(1) Pfungwa: Iyo yekupisa yekurapa maitiro ekudziya simbi kune imwe tembiricha iri pamusoro peAc3 kana Ac1, kuibata kwenhambo yakati yenguva, uyezve kutonhora nekumhanya kwakakodzera kuwana martensite kana bainite chimiro.

(2) Chinangwa: Kuti uwane martensite, kuvandudza simba nekuoma kwesimbi.

4. Tempering

(1) Pfungwa: chirongwa chekurapa kupisa umo simbi yakadzima inopisa kune tembiricha iri pasi peiyo Ac1 point, yakabatwa kweimwe nhambo yenguva, uye wozotonhodzwa kusvika kukamuri tembiricha.

(2) Chinangwa:

1. Bvisa kushushikana kwemukati;
2. Wana anodiwa ma mechanical properties (kuvandudza kuoma kwesimbi, gadzirisa zvakakodzera simba uye kuoma kwesimbi);
3. Sangano rakagadzikana uye ukuru

Chepiri, nzira yekugadzira yekugadzira mapurasitiki molds

1. Yakaderera-kabhoni simbi uye yakaderera-kabhoni alloy simbi molds

Semuyenzaniso, nzira yekugadzira 20, 20Cr, 20CrMnTi nemamwe masimbi ari: kufukirira → kufovha kufa kusina chinhu → kuverengera →makanika rough machining → inotonhora extrusion kuumba → recrystallization annealing → mechanical finishing → carburizing → kudzima, kudzikama →kukuya nekukwenenzvera → Unganidza.

2. High-alloy carburized steel mold

Semuyenzaniso, nzira yekugadzira ye12CrNi3A uye 12CrNi4A simbi ndiyo: kufukidzira → kufoira kufa kusina chinhu → kugadzika uye kupisa kwakanyanya → kugadzirwa kwehukasha → kupisa kwakanyanya → kupedzisa → kuviga → kudzima nekupisa → kukuya nekupukuta → kuunganidza.

3. Yakadzima uye yakadzikama simbi mold

Semuyenzaniso, nzira yekugadzira 45, 40Cr nemamwe masimbi ari: kufukidzira → kufovha kufa kusina chinhu → kuverengera → michini yakakashama kugadzira → kupfava uye kudzikisira → kugadzira kupedzisa → kupfeka, polishing→ gungano.

4. Carbon chishandiso simbi uye alloy chishandiso simbi molds

Semuyenzaniso, nzira yekugadzira yeT7A～T10A, Curved, 9SiCr nemamwe masimbi ari: kusavhara →kupinza mumavhu asina chinhu → spheroidizing annealing →makanika rough machining → kunyaradza kushushikana kupinza →makanika kupedzisa →makanika kupedza → kudzima, kudzikama→kukuya Kupukuta → kuungana.

5. Pre-yakaoma simbi mold

Semuyenzaniso, 5NiSiCa, 3Cr2Mo (P20) nemamwe masimbi. Kune avo vakagadziriswa zvakananga nemabhawa stocks, ivo vakatove vakaomeswa nekuda kwemamiriro ekupa, uye inogona kunyatsogadziriswa uye kuumbwa, ipapo yakakwenenzverwa uye yakaunganidzwa. Kune avo vanoda kufomberwa kuita ma blanks vozogadziridzwa kuita kuumba, nzira yacho ndeye: kuvharira → kufoshora →kuputira → kuronga kana kugaya mativi matanhatu → pre-kuomesa kurapa (34～42HRC)→ kukwasha kwemuchina → kukwenya kunyaradza kushushikana → Kupedzwa kwemuchina → kukwenenzvera → kuungana.

Chetatu, maitiro ekupisa ekurapa kwepurasitiki molds

(1) Kupisa kurapwa maitiro e carburized simbi epurasitiki mold

1. Zvemapurasitiki molds ane high hardness, yakakwirira kupfeka kuramba uye yakakwirira kuomarara zvinodiwa, Carburized steel inofanira kushandiswa kugadzira, uye carburizing, kudzima uye kupisa kwakadzika tembiricha ndiyo yekupedzisira kupisa kurapwa.

2. Zvinodiwa zve carburized layer, kazhinji kukora kwe carburized layer ndiko 0.8 ~ 1.5mm, pakudzvanya mapurasitiki ane hard fillers, iyo mold carburized layer ukobvu inodiwa kuve 1.3 ~ 1.5mm, pakudzvanya mapurasitiki akapfava, iyo carburized layer Hukobvu i 0.8 ~ 1.2mm. Iyo kabhoni yemukati yeiyo carburized layer ndiyo inonyanya kukosha 0.7% ku 1.0%. Kana kabhoni uye nitrogen co-infiltration inoshandiswa, kuramba kupfeka, corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance uye anti-sticking properties zvichava nani.
3. Iyo tembiricha ye carburizing inowanzo 900℃920℃, uye zviumbwa zvidiki zvine makomba akaoma zvinogona kutora 840～860℃ yepakati tembiricha carbonitriding. Iyo carburizing kuchengetedza kupisa nguva ndeye 5-10h, iyo inofanirwa kusarudzwa maererano nezvinodiwa zvekukora kwe carburized layer. Iyo carburizing process inotora hierarchical carburizing process, ndizvo, yakakwirira tembiricha danho (900～920℃) inonyanya kukurumidza kupinza pamusoro pechikamu; the medium tembiricha nhanho (820～840℃) inonyanya kuwedzera kukora kweiyo carburized layer. Iyo yunifomu uye inonzwisisika kabhoni yekumisikidza gradient kugovera inomiswa mune carburized layer, izvo zviri nyore kudzima zvakananga.

4. Nzira yekudzima mushure me carburizing yakasiyana maererano nemhando yesimbi. Mushure me carburizing, inogona kushandiswa zvakasiyana: kudziya zvakare nekudzima; kudzima kwakananga mushure megiredhi carburizing (senge alloy carburized simbi); kudzima zvakananga mushure mekushisa kwepakati carbonitriding (zvakadai semaindasitiri Diki chaiyo molds inoumbwa nechando extrusion yesimbi yakachena kana yakaderera kabhoni simbi); mhepo inodzima mushure mekuvhiyiwa (zvakadai semahombe uye epakati-saizi molds dzakagadzirwa nepamusoro-alloy carburized simbi).

(2) Kupisa kurapwa kwesimbi yakaoma plastiki mold

1. Kuma molds ane maumbirwo akaomarara, kupisa kurapwa kunofanira kuitwa pashure rough machining uye ipapo kupedzisa machining nechokwadi diki deformation panguva kupisa kurapwa. Zvekuumbwa chaiko, deformation inofanira kuva shoma pane 0.05%.2. Zvinodiwa pamusoro pepurasitiki mold cavity zvakanyanya kusimba, saka panguva yekudzima uye kupisa muitiro, zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi kuti pamusoro pegomba haina oxidized, decarburized, isina ngura, overheated, nezvimwewo. Inofanirwa kupiswa muchoto chekudzivirira kana muchoto chekugezera munyu mushure mekushomeka kwedeoxidation.. Kana iyo yakajairika bhokisi-mhando yekudzivirira choto inoshandiswa kupisa, chidziviriro chekudzivirira chinofanira kushandiswa pamusoro pemugodhi we mold, uye mwero wekupisa unofanirwa kudzorwa. Kutonhora kwepakati, kudzora mwero wekutonhora kudzivirira deformation, kutsemuka nekukwenya panguva yekudzima. Kazhinji, inopisa kugeza quenching zviri nani, uye pre-kutonhora quenching inogona kushandiswa zvakare.

3. Mushure mekudzima, inofanira kuderedzwa nenguva, kupisa kwekushisa kunofanira kunge kwakakwirira kudarika kupisa kwekushanda kwe mold, uye nguva yekudziya inofanira kukwana. Kureba kunobva pane mold zvinhu uye chikamu chikamu, asi zvishoma 40-60min.

(3) Kupisa kurapwa kwe pre-yakaomeswa simbi yepurasitiki mold

1. Simbi yakagara yakaomeswa inopihwa mune pre-yakaomeswa mamiriro, uye kazhinji haidi kurapwa kwekupisa, asi dzimwe nguva inoda kugadziridzwa forging, uye iyo inofa isina chinhu mushure mekugadzirisa forging inofanira kupiswa.

2. Iyo pre-heat kurapwa kwesimbi isati yaomeswa kazhinji inotora spheroidizing annealing, chinangwa ndechokubvisa kuumba kushushikana, tora yunifomu spherical pearlite chimiro, kuderedza kuoma, kuwedzera plasticity, uye kunatsiridza kuita kwekucheka kana kutonhora extrusion kugadzira kuita kweiyo kufa isina chinhu.

Iko kusati kwaita kuoma kwesimbi yakagadzirwa kare iri nyore, mazhinji acho anotora kurapa kwekudzima uye kupisa, uye yakadzikama sorbite chimiro chinowanikwa mushure mekudzima uye kupisa. Iyo yakanyanya tembiricha tempering ine yakafara tembiricha renji iyo inogona kusangana neakasiyana ekushanda kuomarara zvinodiwa zve mold. Nekuda kwekuoma kwakanaka kwerudzi urwu rwesimbi, kutonhora kwemafuta, kutonhora kwemhepo kana nitrate-munyu graded quenching inogona kushandiswa panguva yekudzima.

(4) Kupisa kurapwa kwezera-kuomesa simbi yepurasitiki mold

1. Iyo yekupisa kurapwa kwezera kuomesa simbi inokamurwa kuita matanho maviri ekutanga. Chekutanga, mushonga wekugadzirisa unoitwa, ndizvo, iyo simbi inopisa kusvika pakupisa kukuru, kuitira kuti zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinosanganiswa zvinonyungudutswa mu austenite, uye iyo austenite inodzimwa kuti iwane martensite chimiro. Danho rechipiri kurapa kukwegura, uye kuchembera kunoshandiswa kusimbisa michina yemagetsi inosangana nezvinodiwa zvekupedzisira.

2. Mhinduro yekurapa kupisa inowanzoitwa muvira yekugezera munyu kana bhokisi revira. Nguva yekupisa inogona kuenderana: 1min/mm, 2~2.5min/mm, kudzima kunotora kutonhora kwemafuta, uye simbi ine kunaka kuomarara inogona zvakare kutonhorera-mhepo. Kana tembiricha yekubikira yekupedzisira inogona kudzorwa nemazvo kana uchigadzira iyo kufa isina chinhu, mhinduro quenching inogona kuitwa zvakananga mushure mekugadzira.

3. Kurapa kwekukwegura kunoitwa zvakanakisisa muchoto chevacuum. Kana ichiitwa muchoto chebhokisi, kuitira kudzivirira pamusoro pegomba re mold kubva pakuva oxidized, mhepo yekudzivirira inofanira kuiswa muchoto, kana aluminium oxide poda, graphite upfu, kana zvimedu zvesimbi zvinofanira kushandiswa mubhokisi. Kuchembera pasi pemamiriro ekudzivirira. Packing kudzivirira kupisa kunofanirwa kuwedzera nguva yekuchengetedza kupisa, kana zvisina kudaro zvichange zvakaoma kuwana mhedzisiro yekukwegura.

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