Kutentha ndondomeko ndondomeko nkhungu pulasitiki

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazitsulo imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pulasitiki, kapangidwe kawo kapangidwe kake ndimakina ndizosiyana, kotero njira zopangira njira ndizosiyana; chimodzimodzi, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazitsulo zopangira pulasitiki imagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zochizira kutentha. Gawoli makamaka limayambitsa njira yopangira njira komanso mawonekedwe amachitidwe othandizira kutentha kwa nkhungu pulasitiki.

1. Kufotokozera kwa mawu othandizira kutentha

1. Zowonjezera

(1) Lingaliro: Njira yotenthetsera kutentha kwazitsulo mpaka kutentha koyenera, kulisunga kwakanthawi, ndiyeno pang'onopang'ono kuziziritsa (nthawi zambiri kuzirala ndi ng'anjo).

(2) Cholinga:

1. Lonjezerani kuuma kwa chitsulo chochepa kuti chiwonjezere kuphatikizika kwake (kuti athe kudula);
2. Yeretsani mbewu, komanso kapangidwe ndi kapangidwe kazitsulo;
3. Chotsani kupsinjika kwamkati kwazitsulo komanso kupewa kupindika

(3) Gulu: kumaliza annealing; spheroidizing annealing; kuthetsa mavuto

2. Kusintha

(1) Lingaliro: Njira yotenthetsera zitsulo mpaka 30 ～ 500C pamwamba pa Ac3 kapena ACcm, kuigwira nthawi yoyenera, ndikuziziritsa mumlengalenga.

(2) Cholinga: Ndizofanana ndi cholinga chokometsera, koma kuyerekezera kozizira kumakhala kothamanga pang'ono kuposa kulowetsa, kotero kapangidwe ka pearlite kamene kamapezeka pambuyo poti normalizing ndiyabwino, ndipo kulimba ndi kuuma kwake ndikokwera kuposa kwazitsulo zokutira.

Kusintha kwachilengedwe kumakhala ndi kanthawi kochepa kopangira kuposa kutsekera ndipo kumakhala kotsika mtengo komanso kosavuta kugwira ntchito. Chifukwa chake, normalization imakondedwa ngati kuli kotheka, koma kuwongolera kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamagawo ovuta.

3. Kuthetsa

(1) Lingaliro: Njira yotenthetsera kutentha kwazitsulo mpaka kutentha kwina pamwamba pa Ac3 kapena Ac1, kuigwira kwakanthawi, kenako yozizira pa liwiro loyenerera kuti mupeze dongosolo la martensite kapena bainite.

(2) Cholinga: Kuti tipeze martensite, kusintha mphamvu ndi kuuma kwa chitsulo.

4. Kutentha

(1) Lingaliro: Njira yothetsera kutentha komwe chitsulo chazimitsirako chimatenthedwa mpaka kutentha pansi pamunsi pa Ac1, chosungidwa kwakanthawi kanthawi, kenako utakhazikika mpaka kutentha.

(2) Cholinga:

1. Chotsani kupsinjika kwamkati;
2. Pezani zofunikira pamakina (kusintha kulimba kwa chitsulo, moyenera sinthani kulimba ndi kuuma kwazitsulo);
3. Khola komanso kukula

Chachiwiri, njira yopangira njira zopangira pulasitiki

1. Zitsulo zochepa za kaboni komanso zotengera zochepa

Mwachitsanzo, njira yoyendetsera 20, 20Kr, 20CrMnTi ndi ma steels ena ndi: blanking → kulipira kufa akusowekapo → annealing → makina okhwima okhwima → ozizira extrusion kupanga → recrystallization annealing → makina kumaliza → carburizing → lounikira, tempering → akupera ndi kupukuta → Sonkhanitsani.

2. Mkulu-aloyi carburized zitsulo nkhungu

Mwachitsanzo, njira njira 12CrNi3A ndi 12CrNi4A zitsulo ndi: blanking → kulipira kufa akusowekapo → normalizing ndi kutentha tempering → makina okhwima → → kutentha kwambiri → kumaliza → carburizing → kuzimitsa ndi tempering → umapezeka ndi kupukuta → msonkhano.

3. Zimazimitsa ndi mtima nkhungu zitsulo

Mwachitsanzo, njira yoyendetsera 45, 40Cr ndi ma steels ena ndi: blanking → kulipira kufa akusowekapo → annealing → makina okhwima okhwima → kutentha ndi kutentha → kumaliza makina → kuvala, kupukuta → msonkhano.

4. Chida cha Carbon chitsulo ndi aloyi chida chachitsulo

Mwachitsanzo, njira yoyendetsera T7A, T10A, Zamgululi, 9SiCr ndi ma steels ena ndi: blanking → kulowetsa m'malo osakwanira, tempering → akupera kupukuta → msonkhano.

5. Pre-kuumitsa zitsulo nkhungu

Mwachitsanzo, 5NiSiCa, 3AliRaza (P20) ndi zitsulo zina. Kwa iwo omwe asinthidwa mwachindunji ndi masheya omwera, adalimbikitsidwa chifukwa chakupezeka, ndipo akhoza mwachindunji kukonzedwa ndi kupangidwa, kenako opukutidwa ndi kusonkhanitsidwa. Kwa iwo omwe akuyenera kupangidwa kukhala opanda pake kenako ndikukonzedwa kuti apange, njira yothandizira ndi: blanking → kulipira → spheroidizing annealing → ndege kapena mphero mbali zisanu → chisanadze kuumitsa mankhwala (34～ 42HRC)→ makina okhwima → kupumula kwapanikizika komwe kumawonjezera → Mawotchi kumaliza → kupukuta → msonkhano.

Chachitatu, makhalidwe kutentha chithandizo amatha kuumba pulasitiki

(1) Kutentha mankhwala makhalidwe a carburized nkhungu pulasitiki zitsulo

1. Pakuti amatha kuumba pulasitiki ndi kuuma mkulu, kuvala kwakukulu komanso zofunikira kwambiri, chitsulo cha carburized chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga, ndi carburizing, Kuthetsa ndi kutentha pang'ono ndi njira zomaliza zothandizira kutentha.

2. Zofunikira pa wosanjikiza wa carburized, zambiri makulidwe a carburized wosanjikiza ndi 0.8 ~ 1.5mm, mukakanikiza mapulasitiki okhala ndi zolimbitsa zolimba, nkhungu carburized wosanjikiza makulidwe amafunika kukhala 1.3 ~ 1.5mm, mukakanikiza mapulasitiki ofewa, wosanjikiza carburized Makulidwe ndi 0.8 ～ 1.2mm. Zomwe zili ndi kaboni yama carburized makamaka ndizotheka 0.7% kuti 1.0%. Ngati kulowa kwa kaboni ndi nayitrogeni kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuvala kukana, dzimbiri kukana, Kukaniza makutidwe ndi okosijeni komanso zotsutsana ndi zomata zidzakhala bwino.
3. Kutentha kwa carburizing nthawi zambiri kumakhala 900 ～ 920 ℃, ndipo amatha kuumba yaing'ono ndi cavities zovuta akhoza kutenga 840 ～ 860 ℃ sing'anga kutentha carbonitriding. Nthawi yoteteza kutentha kwambiri ndi 5-10h, amene ayenera anasankha malinga ndi zofunikira za makulidwe a carburized wosanjikiza. Ndondomeko ya carburizing imagwiritsa ntchito njira zowerengera anthu, ndiye, kutentha kwakukulu (900920 ℃) makamaka kuti alowerere mwachangu pamwamba pa gawolo; gawo la kutentha kwapakatikati (820840 ℃) makamaka kuonjezera makulidwe a carburized wosanjikiza. Mgawidwe wofananira komanso wololera wa kaboni umakhazikitsidwa mu gawo la carburized, umene uli yabwino kuzimitsa mwachindunji.

4. Kuthetsa pambuyo pa carburizing ndikosiyana kutengera mtundu wachitsulo. Pambuyo pa carburizing, itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito payokha: kutenthetsanso ndi kuzimitsa; kuzimitsa molunjika pambuyo ponyamula mafuta (monga aloyi carburized zitsulo); Kuthetsa kwachangu pambuyo pakatenthedwe kutentha kwapakati (monga mafakitale amatha kuumba mwatsatanetsatane mwatsatanetsatane wopangidwa ndi extrusion yozizira yachitsulo choyera kapena chitsulo chochepa cha kaboni); Kuzimitsa mpweya pambuyo pa carburizing (monga amatha kuumba lalikulu ndi sing'anga-kakulidwe zopangidwa ndi mkulu-aloyi zitsulo carburized).

(2) Kutentha mankhwala nkhungu youma zitsulo pulasitiki

1. Za nkhungu zokhala ndi mawonekedwe ovuta kwambiri, mankhwala kutentha ayenera kuchitidwa pambuyo Machining akhakula ndiyeno kumaliza Machining kuonetsetsa mapindikidwe kakang'ono pa chithandizo kutentha. Pakuti amatha kuumba mwatsatanetsatane, kusinthaku kuyenera kukhala kochepera 0.05%.2. Zomwe zimafunikira pamwamba pakhungu la pulasitiki ndizolimba kwambiri, kotero panthawi yothetsa ndi kutentha, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti pamwamba pamimbamo mulibe oxidized, decarburized, osadetsedwa, watentha kwambiri, etc.. Iyenera kutenthedwa m'ng'anjo yoteteza m'mlengalenga kapena m'ng'anjo yamchere yamchere mukatha kusungunuka kwambiri. Ngati ng'anjo yodziwika bwino yama bokosi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha, wothandizira ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamwamba pa nkhungu, ndi mlingo Kutentha ayenera lizilamuliridwa. Wozizilitsa sing'anga, sungani kuchuluka kwa kuziziritsa kuti mupewe kupindika, kulimbana ndi kuphwanya panthawi yotseka. Nthawi zambiri, Kutentha kosamba ndikwabwino, ndipo kuzimitsa koyambirira kutha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito.

3. Pambuyo pozimitsa, liyenera kupsa mtima munthawi yake, kutentha kumatentha kwambiri kuposa kutentha kwa nkhungu, ndipo nthawi yoyeserera iyenera kukhala yokwanira. Kutalika kumadalira chikombole ndi kukula kwa gawo, koma osachepera 40-60min.

(3) Kutentha mankhwala chisanadze kuumitsa zitsulo nkhungu pulasitiki

1. Chitsulo cholimbacho chimaperekedwa musanakhazikike, ndipo sikutanthauza kutentha, koma nthawi zina zimayenera kusinthidwa kupanga, ndipo cholembedwacho chikatha kusinthidwa kumayenera kuthandizidwa ndi kutentha.

2. Chithandizo chisanadze kutentha kwazitsulo cholimbitsidwa nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsa ntchito kutsekemera kwa spheroidizing, cholinga ndikuthetsa kulimbitsa nkhawa, kupeza yunifolomu ozungulira pearlite dongosolo, kuchepetsa kuuma, onjezerani pulasitiki, ndi kusintha ntchito kudula kapena ozizira extrusion kupanga ntchito ya akufa akusowekapo.

Njira yowonongera yachitsulo chosalimba ndiyosavuta, ambiri mwa iwo amatenga chithandizo cha kuzimitsa ndi kutentha, ndipo kapangidwe kake ka sorbite kamapezeka pambuyo poti kuzimitsa ndi kutentha. Kutentha kotentha kumakhala ndi kutentha komwe kumatha kuthana ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito za nkhungu. Chifukwa cha kulimba mtima kwa chitsulo chamtunduwu, kuzirala kwamafuta, Kutentha kwa mpweya kapena kuzimitsa mchere wa nitrate-mchere kungagwiritsidwe ntchito pothetsa.

(4) Kutentha mankhwala a zaka-kuuma zitsulo pulasitiki nkhungu

1. Njira yochizira kutentha yazitsulo yolimbitsa zaka imagawika magawo awiri ofunikira. Choyamba, yankho mankhwala ikuchitika, ndiye, chitsulo chimatenthedwa ndi kutentha kwakukulu, kotero kuti zinthu zingapo zophatikizika zimasungunuka mu austenite, ndipo austenite imazimitsidwa kuti ipeze dongosolo la martensite. Gawo lachiwiri ndi chithandizo cha ukalamba, ndipo ukalamba umagwiritsidwa ntchito kulimbitsa makina omwe amakwaniritsa zofunikira zomaliza.

2. Njira yothetsera matendawa imachitika mu ng'anjo yamchere yamchere kapena m'ng'anjo yamabokosi. Nthawi yotentha imatha kukhala motere: 1mphindi / mm, 2~ 2.5min / mm, Kuthetsa kumatenga kuzirala kwamafuta, ndipo chitsulo cholimba chimatha kuzimiririka. Ngati kutentha kotsiriza kumatha kuyang'aniridwa bwino mukamapanga chosowa, Kuthetsa yankho kumatha kuchitidwa mwachindunji mutalipira.

3. Chithandizo chokalamba chimachitika bwino mu ng'anjo yotentha. Ngati ikuchitika mu ng'anjo yamabokosi, Pofuna kuteteza pamwamba pa nkhungu patsekeke, malo otetezera ayenera kulowa m'ng'anjo, kapena ufa wa aluminium oxide, graphite ufa, kapena zidutswa zachitsulo ziyenera kuponyedwa m'bokosilo. Kukalamba pansi pachitetezo. Kutentha kwazitetezo kumayenera kupititsa patsogolo nthawi yoteteza kutentha, Apo ayi zidzakhala zovuta kukwaniritsa ukalamba.

Ngati muli ndi mafunso pa mafakitale apulasitiki,plz omasuka kufunsa timu ya FLYSE,tikuthandizani kwambiri！ Titha kukupatsaninso bwino koma wotchipa makina jekeseni akamaumba! Kapena mutitumizireni pa Facebook.

WhatsApp / Wechat 008618958305290