umshini wokujova ukuthenga ukunakwa (1)

Izingozi ezinhlanu ezinkulu zokwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa okweqile kwe umjovo udini umshini kukhona: deformation ezishisayo umshini, i-viscosity yamafutha encishisiwe, ukuguqulwa kwezimpawu zenjoloba, i-oxidation kawoyela ngesivinini kanye nokuwohloka, nokucindezela kwengxenye yomoya encishisiwe.
Enye yezingozi: deformation ezishisayo umshini
Izingxenye ezihambayo ezinama-coefficients ahlukene wokunwebeka okushisayo ezingxenyeni ze-hydraulic zibambekile ngenxa yezikhala zazo ezincane zokulingana., okubangela ukungasebenzi kahle, okuthinta ukunemba kokudluliselwa kwesistimu ye-hydraulic, kanye nokuwohloka kwekhwalithi yokusebenza kwezingxenye.
Ukulimaza okubili: ukunciphisa i-viscosity yamafutha
Ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa okweqile komshini wokubumba umjovo kuzobangela ukuba i-viscosity yamafutha yehle, ukwandisa ukuvuza, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwe-volumetric yepompo kanye nokusebenza kahle kwalo lonke uhlelo kuzoncishiswa kakhulu. Njengoba i-viscosity yamafutha iyancipha, ifilimu yamafutha ye-valve eshelelayo nezinye izingxenye ezihambayo ziba mncane futhi zinqunywe, futhi ukumelana nokungqubuzana kuyanda, okuholela ekwandeni kokuguga.
Ingozi 3: Ukuguqulwa kwezimpawu zenjoloba
Ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa okweqile komshini wokubumba umjovo kuzokhubaza izimpawu zenjoloba, ukusheshisa ukwehluleka ukuguga, ukunciphisa ukusebenza kokuvala nempilo yesevisi, futhi kubangele ukuvuza.
Ingozi 4: Sheshisa i-oxidation kanye nokuwohloka kwamafutha
Ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa okweqile komshini wokubumba umjovo kuzosheshisa i-oxidation kanye nokuwohloka kwamafutha., nciphisa izinto ze-bituminous, futhi unciphise impilo yesevisi kawoyela we-hydraulic. I-precipitates ivimba i-orifice emanzi kanye nembobo ye-valve ehlukanisiwe, okwenza i-valve yokucindezela ibambelele futhi ingakwazi ukunyakaza, futhi ipayipi lensimbi leluliwe futhi ligobile, noma yagqabuka.
Ingozi 5: Okuholela ekusebenzeni okungekuhle kwezingxenye
Ukwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa okweqile komshini wokubumba umjovo kuzobangela ikhwalithi yezingxenye ukuthi yonakale. Umoya oncibilikisiwe emafutheni uzophuma, okuholela emaphaketheni omoya, okuzonciphisa ukusebenza komsebenzi we-hydraulic system. Izinga lokushisa elifanele le-hydraulic system kufanele libe phakathi 45 amadigri kanye 50 amadigri. Isizathu siwukuthi uhlelo lwe-hydraulic luklanyelwe ngokusho kwe-viscosity yamafutha okucindezela okukhethiwe.Kodwa i-viscosity izoshintsha ngokushisa kwamafutha., okuzothinta umsebenzi ohlelweni. Izingxenye, njengamasilinda amafutha, ama-valve we-hydraulic, njll., nciphisa ukunemba kokulawula kanye nokuzwela kokuphendula, ikakhulukazi imishini yokujova ngokunemba. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uma izinga lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu, izosheshisa ukuguga kophawu futhi ibangele ukuba lukhuni futhi iqhekeke.Uma izinga lokushisa liphansi kakhulu, amandla okucubungula azosetshenziswa futhi isivinini sokusebenza sizoncishiswa. Ngakho-ke, kudingekile ukunaka kakhulu izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo lamafutha we-hydraulic. Kunezizathu eziningi zokushisa kwamafutha aphezulu, kodwa eziningi zazo zibangelwa ukwehluleka kwesifunda samafutha noma ukwehluleka kwesistimu yokupholisa.
(1) Ngokuvumelana ne izidingo zokulayisha ezahlukene, hlola njalo futhi ulungise ingcindezi ye-valve yokuchichima ukuze uyenze ilungile.
(2) Khetha uwoyela we-hydraulic ngokunengqondo, ikakhulukazi i-viscosity yamafutha. Uma izimo zivuma, zama ukusebenzisa i-viscosity ephansi ukuze unciphise ukulahlekelwa kwe-viscosity friction.
(3) Thuthukisa izimo zokugcoba zezingxenye ezihambayo ukuze unciphise ukulahlekelwa ukungqubuzana, okusiza ukunciphisa umthwalo womsebenzi kanye nokufudumeza.
(4) Thuthukisa ikhwalithi yomhlangano kanye nokunemba kwezingxenye ze-hydraulic kanye nezinhlelo ze-hydraulic, lawula ngokuqinile ukuvunyelwa kwezingxenye ezifanayo futhi uthuthukise izimo zokugcoba. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokuvala ezine-coefficient encane yokungqubuzana kanye nesakhiwo sokuvala esithuthukisiwe ukuze kuncishiswe amandla okuqala e-hydraulic cylinder ngangokunokwenzeka ukunciphisa ukushisa okukhiqizwa ukulahlekelwa kwe-mechanical friction..
(5) Engeza izinto zokupholisa uma kudingeka. Sengisho nje, iningi lamakhasimende asebenze embonini yokubumba umjovo iminyaka eminingi anekhono lokuzihlulela ngokwawo futhi akhethe umshini ofanele wokubumba umjovo ozowukhiqiza.. Noma kunjalo, kwezinye izimo, ikhasimende lingadinga usizo lomkhiqizi ukunquma ukuthi yimuphi umshini wokujova umjovo ozowusebenzisa, noma ngisho nekhasimende lingaba nesampula lomkhiqizo noma umbono, bese ubuza umkhiqizi ukuthi ngabe umshini ungakhiqizwa noma iyiphi imodeli eqhathaniswa. Ifanele.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminye imikhiqizo ekhethekile ingadinga amadivayisi akhethekile njengezihlanganisi zengcindezi, izihibe ezivaliwe, ukuminyaniswa komjovo, njll., ukuze ikhiqizwe kahle. Kuyabonakala ukuthi ungawunquma kanjani umshini wokujova umjovo ofanele ukukhiqiza udaba olubaluleke kakhulu. Ulwazi olulandelayo luhlinzekelwe abafundi’ ireferensi.
Izinto ezibalulekile ezivame ukuba nomthelela ekukhethweni kwe- umshini wokujova zihlanganisa isikhunta, imikhiqizo, amapulasitiki, Izidingo zokubumba, njll. Ngakho-ke, imininingwane elandelayo kufanele iqoqwe noma itholakale ngaphambi kokukhetha:
Usayizi wesikhunta (ububanzi, ukuphakama, ubukhulu), isisindo, umklamo okhethekile, njll.;
Uhlobo nenani lamapulasitiki asetshenzisiwe (impahla eluhlaza eyodwa noma amapulasitiki amaningi);
Usayizi wokubukeka (ubude, ububanzi, ukuphakama, ubukhulu), isisindo, njll. komkhiqizo obunjiwe ngomjovo; Izidingo zokubumba, njengezimo zekhwalithi, isivinini sokukhiqiza, njll.

Ngemva kokuthola ulwazi olungenhla, ungalandela izinyathelo ezingezansi ukuze ukhethe ezifanele umjovo udini umshini:
1. Khetha imodeli efanele: Imodeli nochungechunge kunqunywa ngomkhiqizo noplastiki.
Njengoba kunezinhlobo eziningi zemishini yokubumba umjovo, kuyadingeka ukunquma kahle ukuthi imuphi umshini wokujova umjovo noma uchungechunge umkhiqizo okufanele ukhiqizwe kusukela ekuqaleni, njenge-thermoplastics ejwayelekile noma izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-bakelite noma izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-PET. Umbala, imibala emibili, imibala eminingi, i-interlayer noma umbala oxubekile, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminye imikhiqizo idinga izimo ezinjengokuqina okuphezulu (iluphu evaliwe), ngokunemba okuphezulu, isivinini sokudubula esiphakeme kakhulu, umfutho ophakeme wokudutshulwa, noma ukukhiqizwa okusheshayo (ama-multi-loop), futhi uchungechunge olufanele kufanele futhi lukhethwe ukuze lukhiqize.
Kungabekwa phansi: Nquma ukuthi i “Ikholomu Enkulu Ibanga Langaphakathi”, “Ukuqina Kwesikhunta”, “Isikhunta Ubuncane Usayizi” futhi “Die Plate Size” zomshini zifanelekile ngokwesayizi yesikhunta ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isikhunta singabekwa phansi.
Ububanzi nobude besikhunta kufanele kube kuncane noma okungenani kube uhlangothi olulodwa lube luncane kunebanga elingaphakathi lekholomu enkulu.;
Ububanzi nobude besikhunta kufanele kube ngaphakathi kobubanzi besayizi yepuleti lokubumba;
Ubukhulu besikhunta kufanele bube phakathi kobukhulu besikhunta somshini wokubumba umjovo;
Ububanzi nobude besikhunta kufanele buhlangabezane nesilinganiso esincane sokubumba esinconywe umshini wokubumba umjovo, futhi ngeke kusebenze uma incane kakhulu;
3. Thola: Isikhunta kanye nomkhiqizo oqediwe kunquma ukuthi i- “isikhunta ukuvulwa unhlangothi” futhi “isikhunta unhlangothi” zanele ukukhipha umkhiqizo osuphelile.
I-stroke yokuvula isikhunta kufanele okungenani ibe ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabili ukuphakama komkhiqizo oqediwe ekuqondeni kokuvula nokuvala isikhunta., futhi ubude be-sprue kufanele bufakwe;
Ukushaywa kwesikhunta esisekelayo kufanele kube ngokwanele ukukhipha umkhiqizo ophelile;
4. Iyakukhiya: Ubukhulu be- “amandla okubopha” kunqunywa ngumkhiqizo noplastiki.
Lapho izinto zokusetshenziswa zifakwa emgodini wesikhunta ngokucindezela okukhulu, Kukhiqizwa amandla asekela isikhunta. Ngakho-ke, iyunithi yokubamba yomshini wokubumba umjovo kufanele inikeze ngokwanele “amandla okubopha” ukuvimbela isikhunta ekuvulekeni. Ukubalwa kwemfuneko ye-clamping force imi kanje:
Bala indawo ehlongozwayo yomkhiqizo oqediwe ohlangothini lwesikhunta sokushintsha kusuka kusayizi wokubukeka womkhiqizo oqediwe;
I-die support force = indawo ehlongozwayo yomkhiqizo oqediwe ekuqondeni kwesikhunta sokushintshwa (cm2) × inani lezimbobo zesikhunta × ukucindezela kusikhunta (kg / cm2);
Ingcindezi ekubunjeni iyahlukahluka ngezinto ezingavuthiwe, ngokuvamile 350 ~ 400kg/cm2 izinto zokusetshenziswa;
Amandla okubamba omshini kufanele abe makhulu kunamandla okubamba, nangenxa yokuphepha, amandla okubamba komshini ngokuvamile 1.17 izikhathi eziphakeme kunamandla okubamba;
Okwamanje, imininingwane yophiko lokuminyanisa inqunywe kuqala, futhi ubukhulu bemodeli bunqunywe cishe, bese kufanele kwenziwe izinyathelo ezilandelayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi iyiphi iyunithi yomjovo enobubanzi obuyisikulufu obuhlangabezana nezidingo.
5. Umjovo ogcwele: Nquma okudingekayo “umthamo womjovo” kusukela kusisindo somkhiqizo oqediwe kanye nenani lezimbobo zesikhunta bese ukhetha okufanele “isikulufa ubukhulu”.
Ukubala isisindo somkhiqizo oqediwe, inani lemigodi yesikhunta (isikhunta esisodwa kanye nezimbotshana eziningana) kuzocatshangelwa;
Ngenjongo yokuzinza, umthamo womjovo udinga ukudlula 1.35 izikhathi isisindo somkhiqizo ophelile, leyo, isisindo somkhiqizo ophelile kudingeka sibe ngaphakathi 75% yevolumu yomjovo;
6. Umjovo omuhle: Izimo ezifana “isikulufa kokucindezelwa isilinganiso” futhi “ingcindezi yomjovo” kunqunywa ngepulasitiki. Amanye amaplastiki wobunjiniyela adinga ukucindezelwa komjovo ophakeme kanye nomklamo ofanele wesikulufu sokuminyaniswa ukuze ube nemiphumela emihle yokubumba. Ngakho-ke, ukuze umkhiqizo oqediwe udutshulwe kangcono, izidingo zengcindezi yomjovo kanye nesilinganiso sokuminyaniswa kufanele futhi zibhekwe lapho kukhethwa isikulufu. .
Sengisho nje, isikulufa esinobubanzi obuncane singanikeza ukucindezela okuphezulu komjovo.
7. Dubula ngokushesha: bese uqinisekisa ifayili le- “isivinini sokudubula”.
Eminye imikhiqizo idinga izinga eliphezulu lomjovo kanye nomjovo osheshayo ukwenza ukubumba okuzinzile, njengemikhiqizo emincane kakhulu. Esimweni esinjalo, kungadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isilinganiso somjovo kanye nesilinganiso somjovo womshini sanele, nokuthi ngabe idinga ukufakelwa ama-accumulators engcindezi, i-loop-control control namanye amadivayisi. Sengisho nje, ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo, isikulufu esinganikeza ingcindezi yomjovo ephakeme ngokuvamile sinejubane eliphansi lokudubula, Ngokuphambene nalokho, isikulufu esinganikeza ingcindezi yokudubula ephansi ngokuvamile sinesivinini sokudubula esiphezulu. Ngakho-ke, lapho ukhetha ububanzi besikulufu, ivolumu yomjovo, ingcindezi yomjovo kanye nesilinganiso somjovo (isivinini somjovo) idinga ukucatshangelwa futhi ikhethwe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, idizayini enezinhlobonhlobo eziningi nayo ingasetshenziselwa ukunciphisa isikhathi sokubumba ngezenzo ezihlanganisiwe ezihlanganisiwe.

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